Most planning cycles assemble a portfolio from proposals. Each proposal claims strategic alignment, usually in a sentence on a slide. Nobody can see the whole chain from a strategy, through the objectives it requires, to the programs, projects, systems, and technologies meant to deliver it.
Two failures follow. Work with no real strategic connection continues because nobody can show that it lacks one. And the capabilities the strategy actually depends on go unfunded, because nobody proposed the work to improve them.
Closing both gaps needs a top-down view from strategy to capability and a traced view from strategy to delivery work, kept together in the same planning conversation.